References

  • K. G. Budden, “The numerical solution of differential equations governing reflexion of long radio waves from the ionosphere,” Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, vol. 227, no. 1171, pp. 516–537, Feb. 1955, doi: 10.1098/rspa.1955.0027.
  • K. G. Budden, “The influence of the earth’s magnetic field on radio propagation by wave-guide modes,” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences, vol. 265, no. 1323, pp. 538–553, Feb. 1962, doi: 10.1098/rspa.1962.0041.
  • K. G. Budden, “The propagation of radio waves: the theory of radio waves of low power in the ionosphere and magnetosphere,” First paperback edition. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
  • P. C. Clemmow and J. Heading, “Coupled forms of the differential equations governing radio propagation in the ionosphere,” Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 319–333, Apr. 1954, doi: 10.1017/S030500410002939X.
  • J. A. Ferguson and F. P. Snyder, “Approximate VLF/LF waveguide mode conversion model: Computer applications: FASTMC and BUMP,” Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego, CA, NOSC-TD-400, Nov. 1980. Accessed: May 08, 2017. Available: https://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA096240.
  • D. G. Morfitt and C. H. Shellman, “‘MODESRCH’, an improved computer program for obtaining ELF/VLF/LF mode constants in an Earth-ionosphere waveguide,” Naval Electronics Laboratory Center, San Diego, CA, NELC/IR-77T, Oct. 1976. Accessed: Dec. 13, 2017. Available: https://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA032573.
  • D. G. Morfitt, “‘Simplified’ VLF/LF mode conversion computer programs: GRNDMC and ARBNMC,” Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego, CA, NOSC/TR-514, Jan. 1980. Accessed: Jan. 15, 2018. Available: https://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA082695.
  • R. A. Pappert, E. E. Gossard, and I. J. Rothmuller, “A numerical investigation of classical approximations used in VLF propagation,” Radio Science, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 387–400, Apr. 1967, doi: 10.1002/rds196724387.
  • R. A. Pappert and R. R. Smith, “Orthogonality of VLF height gains in the earth ionosphere waveguide,” Radio Science, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 275–278, 1972, doi: 10.1029/RS007i002p00275.
  • R. A. Pappert and L. R. Shockey, “Simplified VLF/LF mode conversion program with allowance for elevated, arbitrarily oriented electric dipole antennas,” Naval Electronics Laboratory Center, San Diego, CA, Interim Report 771, Oct. 1976. Accessed: Dec. 03, 2019. Available: https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA033412.
  • R. A. Pappert, “LF daytime earth ionosphere waveguide calculations,” Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego, CA, NOSC/TR-647, Jan. 1981. Accessed: Jan. 23, 2020. Available: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA096098.
  • R. A. Pappert, L. R. Hitney, and J. A. Ferguson, “ELF/VLF (Extremely Low Frequency/Very Low Frequency) long path pulse program for antennas of arbitrary elevation and orientation,” Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego, CA, NOSC/TR-891, Aug. 1983. Accessed: Jul. 04, 2018. Available: https://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA133876.
  • R. A. Pappert, “Radiation resistance of thin antennas of arbitrary elevation and configuration over perfectly conducting ground.,” Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego, CA, Technical Report 1112, Jun. 1986. Accessed: Mar. 10, 2024. Available: https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA170945.
  • R. A. Pappert and J. A. Ferguson, “VLF/LF mode conversion model calculations for air to air transmissions in the earth-ionosphere waveguide,” Radio Sci., vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 551–558, Jul. 1986, doi: 10.1029/RS021i004p00551.
  • M. L. V. Pitteway, “The numerical calculation of wave-fields, reflexion coefficients and polarizations for long radio waves in the lower ionosphere. I.,” Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A, vol. 257, no. 1079, pp. 219–241, Mar. 1965, doi: 10.1098/rsta.1965.0004.
  • J. A. Ratcliffe, "The magneto-ionic theory & its applications to the ionosphere," Cambridge University Press, 1959.
  • N. R. Thomson, “Experimental daytime VLF ionospheric parameters,” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 173–184, Feb. 1993, doi: 10.1016/0021-9169(93)90122-F.
  • J. R. Wait and K. P. Spies, “Characteristics of the earth-ionosphere waveguide for VLF radio waves,” U.S. National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, CO, Technical Note 300, Dec. 1964. Accessed: Feb. 18, 2017. Available: https://archive.org/details/characteristicso300wait.